Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)

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General Information
Background
Author/s or Creator/s
Russell, D
Rosenbaum, P
Avery, L
Lane, M
Objectives
The GMFM is a clinical measure designed to evaluate change in gross motor function in children. There are two versions of the GMFM: the original 88-item measure (GMFM-88) and the more recent 66-item GMFM (GMFM-66). Items on the GMFM-88 span the spectrum from activities in lying and rolling up to walking, running and jumping skills. The GMFM-66 is comprised of a subset of the 88 items that has been shown to be unidimensional.
Category of Outcome Measure
Functional
 
Disease Type
  Used Validated
Anterior Horn Cell Disease   X
Chronology of Development
The GMFM is a clinical measure originally designed to evaluate change in gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. The GMFM-88 is a measure of motor function and contains items grouped in 5 dimensions: A.lying and rolling B. sitting C. crawling and kneeling D standing and E. walking, running, and jumping. The GMFM-66 is comprised of a subset of the 88 items and transforms the standard GMFM into an interval measure
Time Information
Time to Recall
At Assessment
Recall Period
Not Applicable
Time to Complete
45-60 Minutes
Application
Mode of Assessment
Administered by trained evaluator
 
Age Group
5-18 years
 
Age Related Limitations
The GMFM was validated in children ages 5-18 with SMA, but was originally developed so that all items could be completed by a child age 5 and older.
Languages
  Original Definitive Validated Translation Informal Translation
English US X    
Conditions of Use and Contact Information
Conditions of Use
Require Author's Written Permission
 
Copyright Owner
Mac Keith Press 2002
Contact Name
Non Applicable
Organisation Name
Blackwell Publishing
Postal Address
CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research Institute for Applied Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1400 Main Street West, Room 408 Hamilton, Ontario Canada L8S 1C7
URL (Web Address)
http://www.canchild.ca/Default.aspx?tabid=197
Email Address
canchild @ mcmaster.ca
Phone
(905) 525-9140 (Ext. 27850)
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Questionnaire/Scale
Domain Details
Number of Domains
5
Domain Name / Number of Items
Lying and Rolling [17]
Sitting [20]
Crawling and Kneeling [14]
Standing [13]
Walking, Running, and Jumping [24]
Total Number of Items
88
Additional Format Information
Not Applicable
Equipment
Equipment Required
smooth firm surface
2 straight lines, 2 cm wide, 20 cm apart and 6 m long
circle, 60 cm diameter marked on floor
large firm exercise mat (4x8ft)
small toys
small bench
large bench or table
stopwatch
30-60cm long stick
soccer sized ball or toy
5 steps, standard rise with railing
stool on castors
Equipment Description
small bench should allow child's feet to be on floor when sitting. large bench appropriate height for standing and cruising
Response Details
Question Types and Usage
Ordinal
Scoring
Total Score
Yes - total score is calculated.
Total Score - Range/Direction
0-264
Sub-Score
Yes - sub-score is calculated.
Sub-Score Range/Direction
A: maximum score 51
B: maximum score 60
C: maximum score 42
D: maximum score 39
E: maximum score 72
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Reference 1
Type of Reference
Validation Reference
Reference Details
The gross motor function measure is a valid and sensitive outcome measure for spinal muscular atrophy. Nelson L, Owens H, Hynan LS, Iannaccone ST; AmSMART Group. Neuromuscul Disord. 2006 Jun;16(6):374-80. Epub 2006 May 2.
Web Address (URL)
Unknown
Reference File ID
Not Applicable
Other Information
Unknown