Modified Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale (MHFMS-SMA, MHFMS)
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General Information
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| Objectives |
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A functional motor scale that can be used to assess gross motor abilities of non-ambulant children with SMA. May be used to monitor progression and gross motor abilities over time.
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| Category of Outcome Measure |
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| Disease Type |
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Used |
Validated |
| Anterior Horn Cell Disease |
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X |
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| Chronology of Development |
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The MHFMS-SMA (Krosschell, et al 2006) is an adaptation of the original Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale for Children with SMA (Main et al, 2003). The original HFMS for Children with SMA was modified to establish a standard measure of functional ability in children with spinal muscular atrophy Types II and III for use in longitudinal multi-center clinical trials. Concrete operational definitions were developed and scoring criteria were clarified to minimize potential ambiguities in the administration and scoring of the test. In addition, after a pilot study, item order was modified to minimize position changes and to decrease fatigue and undue stress on the children during testing (Krosschell et al, 2006). Refer to www.smaoutcomes.org for more information.
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| Time to Complete |
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10 to 15 minutes with a co-operative child
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| Mode of Assessment |
Administered by trained evaluator
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| Age Group |
Children (2 to 11 Years)
Adolescents (12 to 15 Years)
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| Age Related Limitations |
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Although validated in children greater than 2 years of age, has demonstrable reliability in children as young as 9 months of age.
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| Languages |
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Original |
Definitive Validated Translation |
Informal Translation |
| English US |
X |
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| Spanish |
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X |
| French Canadian |
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X |
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| Conditions of Use and Contact Information |
| Copyright Owner |
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Kristin J Krosschell, PT, MA, PCS
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| Contact Name |
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Kristin Krosschell, PT, MA, PCS
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| Postal Address |
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645 North Michigan Ave, Suite 1100, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
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| Email Address |
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k-krosschell @ northwestern.edu
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Questionnaire/Scale
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| Domain Name / Number of Items |
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| Additional Format Information |
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20 items that assess gross motor function
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| Question Types and Usage |
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Each item scored as 0 (unable), 1 (partially completes) or 2 (completes independently)
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| Total Score |
Yes - total score is calculated.
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| Total Score - Range/Direction |
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0 - 40, 40 being the highest score
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| Sub-Score |
No - sub-score is not calculated.
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| Sub-Score Range/Direction |
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Reference 1
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| Other Information |
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This website contains various OM materials for the MHMFS and the MHMFS-EXTEND, including: MHFMS Manual & MHFMS-Extend Test Modules, Gross Motor, Fine Motor & Timed Tests of Function. In addition, the website provides detailed directions for administration of each OM with photos and movie clips for each item to assist one in learning and using the scale with accuracy. Downloadable manuals and scoresheets for each OM are also provided.
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Reference 2
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| Reference Details |
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Krosschell K.; Maczulski J.; Crawford T.; et al (2006) A modified Hammersmith functional motor scale for use in mult-center research on spinal muscular atrophy, Neuromuscular Disorders, Vol 16, Iss 7, pp 417-426, Pergamon
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| Other Information |
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This link will take you to the Science Direct's listing for Nueromuscular Disorders. The site contains the abstract for this publication. To access the abstract, use the menu located on the left hand side of the page: Open, Vol 16, Iss then open issue 7, then locate the article in the list.
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Reference 3
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| Reference Details |
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Main M.; Kairon H.; Mercuri E.; et al (2003) The Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale for Children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Scale to Test ability and monitor progress in children with limited ambulation, European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, Vol 7, Iss 4, pp 155-159, Elsevier
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| Other Information |
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This link will take you to the Science Direct's listing for the European Journal of Paediatric Nuerology. The site contains the abstract for this publication. To access the abstract, use the menu located on the left hand side of the page: Open, Vol 7, then open issue 4, then locate the article in the list.
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Reference 4
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| Reference Details |
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Swoboda KJ, Scott CB, Reyna SP, Prior TW, LaSalle B, et al. (2009) Phase II Open Label Study of Valproic Acid in Spinal Muscular Atrophy. PLoS ONE 4(5): e5268. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005268
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Reference 5
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| Reference Details |
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Lewelt A, Krosschell KJ, Scott C, et al. Compound muscle action potential and motor function in children with spinal muscular atrophy. Muscle Nerve. Nov 2010;42(5):703-708.
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| Other Information |
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Demonstrates correlation of MHFMS with CMAP values.
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Reference 6
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| Reference Details |
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Krosschell KJ, Scott CB, Maczulski JA, Lewelt AJ, Reyna SP, Swoboda KJ, for Project Cure SMA.Reliability of the modified hammersmith functional motor scale in young children with spinal muscular atrophy.Accepted manuscript online: 1 FEB 2011 10:06AM EST | DOI: 10.1002/mus.22040
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| Other Information |
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Expands reliability to those under 30 months of age.
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