Motor Function Measure for Neuromuscular Diseases (MFM, MFM for NMD)
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General Information
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| Objectives |
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The MFM is a scale to enable an objective assessment of the motor abilities of patients with neuromuscular diseases whatever the motor deficiency. Three dimensions have been identified with factorial analysis of the validation study: D1 standing position and transfers, D2 axial and proximal motor function and D3 distal motor function.
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| Category of Outcome Measure |
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| Disease Type |
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Used |
Validated |
| Anterior Horn Cell Disease |
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X |
| Peripheral Nerve |
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X |
| Muscle |
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X |
| Generic |
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X |
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| Chronology of Development |
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Physical therapists, occupational therapists and rehabilitation physicians who had experience in the management of patients with NMD participated in the creation of the scale. Initially 75 items were selected based on 1) various published motor function scales, 2) the experience of the investigators and 3) a pilot testing with patients and parents. The development of the MFM began in 1998, with items written in English and French. This preliminary version was sent with a demonstration video to 115 clinical teams in Europe and North America. Forty-seven groups provided expertise concerning the selection of the diseases to which the scale could be appropriate, the age groups of patients and in the selection and scoring of the items. Through the validation study of a first version with 51 items rated on a 5-point scale, tested with 376 patients from 6 to 60 years of age, 3 clinically significant dimensions were identified. The results were the basis for the construction of the second and final version. The experience of the authors with the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) created by the Canchild group for cerebral palsy was determinant for the creation of the MFM. The user's manual necessary to score and the training sessions are largely inspired by the GMFM practices.
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| Mode of Assessment |
Administered by trained evaluator
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| Age Group |
Children (2 to 11 Years)
Adolescents (12 to 15 Years)
Adults (16 Years and Over)
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| Age Related Limitations |
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Validation from 2 to 7 years of age during the year 2008 with MFM-20 (restriction to 20 items).
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| Languages |
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Original |
Definitive Validated Translation |
Informal Translation |
| Dutch |
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X |
| English UK |
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X |
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| French |
X |
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| Portuguese |
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X |
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| Spanish |
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X |
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| Conditions of Use and Contact Information |
| Postal Address |
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Hôpital femme Mère Enfant, Rééducation pédiatrique, 69677 Bron, France
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Questionnaire/Scale
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| Domain Name / Number of Items |
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D1: standing position and transfers (13)
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D2: axial and proximal motor function (12)
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D3: distal motor function (7)
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| Additional Format Information |
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| Equipment Required |
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a physiotherapy mat or a wide examination table
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a table with adjustable height if possible
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a chair with adjustable height if possible
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a marked line traced on the floor
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a CD, 10 coins, a tennisball
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| Equipment Description |
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- A physiotherapy mat or a wide examination table.
- Cushions for comfortable positioning of the head and limbs.
- A table (with adjustable height if possible). The height of the table should be such that the subject’s forearms lay on the table when he is seated, with the elbows flexed at 90 º.
- A chair (with adjustable height if possible). The height of the seat should be such that the subject’s feet touch the floor when he is seated, with the hips and knees flexed at 90 º.
- Space within a corridor to enable free movement of 10 metres
- A marked line traced on the floor, 6 meters long and 2 centimeters wide.
- A chronometer
- A CD or CD-ROM glued onto a piece of cardboard.
- 10 coins about 20 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick (10 euro cents or equivalent)
- A tennis ball
- A wax pencil
- A sheet of A4 paper, 70 g or 80 g.
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| Total Score |
Yes - total score is calculated.
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| Total Score - Range/Direction |
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| Sub-Score |
Yes - sub-score is calculated.
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| Sub-Score Range/Direction |
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D1 0= worse to 100%= better
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D2 0= worse to 100%= better
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D3 0= worse to 100%= better
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Reference 1
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| Reference Details |
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Bérard C.; Payan C.; MFM study group.; et al; (2005) A motor function measure scale for neuromuscular diseases. Construction and validation study, Neuromuscular Disorders, Vol 15, pp 463-470, UK
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Reference 2
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| Reference Details |
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Bérard C.; Payan C.; MFM study group.; et al; (2006) The motor function measure, outcome measure for neuromuscular diseases. Validation study. (in French), Revue neurologique, Vol 162 (4), 485-493, Masson, France
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Reference 3
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| Type of Reference |
Systematic Review Reference
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| Reference Details |
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Bérard C.; Girardot F.; MFM study group; (2007) Evolution of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients evaluated with the Motor Function Measure (abstract), Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, Vol 49 sup 110, p 8, Mac Keith press, UK
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Reference 4
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| Reference Details |
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E. Mercuri, A. Mayhew, F. Muntoni, S. Messina, V. Straub, G. Van Ommen, T. Voit, E. Bertini, K. Bushby (2007) Towards harmonisation of outcome measures for DMD and SMA within TREAT-NMD; Report of three expert workshops: TREAT-NMD/ENMC Workshop on outcome measures, 12th–13th May 2007, Naarden, The Netherlands; TREAT-NMD Workshop on outcome measures in experimental trials for DMD, 30th June–1st July 2007, Naarden, The Netherlands; Conjoint Institute of Myology TREAT-NMD Meeting on physical activity monitoring in neuromuscular disorders, 11th July 2007, Paris, France; Neuromuscular Disorders, Vol. 18; Iss. 11; pp. 894-903
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Reference 5
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| Reference Details |
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TREAT-NMD Workshop on Outcome Measures in Experimental Trials for DMD, Naarden (2007)
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| Other Information |
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For more information please contact: info @ treat-nmd.eu
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